Semiotics of the MicroNations: differenze tra le versioni

    Da WikiSemiotica.
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    "Per limitare le ripercussioni create dalla difformità tra realtà giuridica e realtà storica, la giurisprudenza ha creato il rimedio generale della '''finzione giuridica''' volto a tutelare l'affidamento in buona fede (art. 1358 c.c.) della parte ingannata dall'apparenza.
    "To limit the repercussions created by the discrepancy between legal reality and historical reality, jurisprudence has created the general remedy of legal fiction aimed at protecting the trust in good faith (Article 1358 of the Italian Civil Code) of the party deceived by appearance. Specifically through this tool:<blockquote>'''what in reality does not exist is pretended to exist or, conversely, what in reality exists is pretended to exist, so that a specific historical fact can produce legal effects which, otherwise, would not arise."'''<ref>https://www.giuridicamente.com/tra-apparenza-e-finzione-giuridica-la-buona-fede-durante-la-pendenza-del-contratto-condizionale/</ref></blockquote>-


    Nello specifico attraverso questo strumento:<blockquote>'''si finge esistente ciò che in realtà non esiste o, viceversa, si finge inesistente ciò che in realtà esiste, affinché un determinato fatto storico possa produrre effetti giuridici, che, altrimenti, non scaturirebbero."'''<ref>https://www.giuridicamente.com/tra-apparenza-e-finzione-giuridica-la-buona-fede-durante-la-pendenza-del-contratto-condizionale/</ref></blockquote>-
    Another note that contradicts Graziani's definition is that micronations are not necessarily small, there is a huge one, which even exceed a million citizens!


    Altra nota che contraddice la definizione di Graziani è che le micronazioni non sono necessariamente piccole, ve n'è una enorme, che superano persino un milione di cittadini!
    ===Usefull Definitions===
    While a microstate is a real state in all respects, a micronation is a more recent phenomenon that outwardly imitates some formal aspects. The inconsistency and unrealistic character (often openly playful) clearly distinguishes these initiatives from much more concrete attempts at secession or self-determination.


    ===Definizioni utili===
    ===Beyond the Atlas of MicroNations===
    Mentre un microstato è uno stato reale a tutti gli effetti, una micronazione è un fenomeno più recente che ne imita esteriormente alcuni aspetti formali. L'inconsistenza e il carattere velleitario (spesso apertamente ludico) distingue nettamente queste iniziative da ben più concreti tentativi di secessione o di autodeterminazione.
    The survey carried out on the Internet was superimposed first on the Atlas (Graziani, 2020), then on a less detailed List of micronations (Wikipedia.it) - both texts that were important for the drafting of the article.  


    ===Oltre l'atlante===
    The categorizations made by Graziani in the atlas (2020) and by Wikipedia (in the article List of micronations) were completely unsuitable for the study of the phenomenon of micronations. In this survey, the key parameter adopted to classify the micronations was the "Population", the number of so-called "Citizens".  
    La rilevazione compiuta sulla rete Internet si è sovrapposta prima all'Atlante (Graziani, 2020), poi ad una meno approfondita ''Lista delle micronazioni'' (Wikipedia.it) - entrambi testi che sono risultati importanti per la stesura dell'articolo.


    Le categorizzazioni operate da Graziani nell'atlante (2020) e da Wikipedia (nell'articolo ''Lista delle micronazioni'') sono risultate del tutto inadatte allo studio del fenomeno delle micronazioni.
    From the selection, all the micronations that no longer exist and the non-encyclopedic ones have been ignored, while some non-encyclopedic ones are included (an arbitrary selection of them, with a limited geopolitical perspective).


    Nel presente rilevamento il parametro chiave adottato per classificare le micronazioni è stato la "Popolazione", il numero dei cosiddetti "Cittadini".
    ===First Observations===
    The projects that lead to the conception, birth, growth and evolution of micronations almost always have a key element that distinguishes them, the act of emancipation with which they simulate or more or less apodictically claim a territory. An exception are those aterritorial micronations, that is, those that do not include the element of the claim.


    Dalla selezione sono state ignorate tutte le micronazioni non più esisitenti e quelle non enciclopediche, mentre sono incluse alcune non enciclopediche (una loro selezione arbitraria, con un'ottica geopolitica limitata).
    ===Survey on the web about the micronations - year 2022===
    The parameters analyzed in the research sample were:


    ===Osservazioni preliminari===
    * flag
    I progetti che portano al concepimento, nascita, crescita ed evoluzione delle micronazioni hanno quasi sempre un elemento chiave che li contraddistingue, l'atto di emancipazione con cui simulano o rivendicano più o meno apoditticamente un territorio. Costituiscono un'eccezione quelle micronazioni aterritoriali, cioè quelle che non includono l'elemento della rivendicazione.
    * the emblem (Coat of Arms)
    * the name given to micronation
    * the population declared by the micronation (or secondly the one documented by third parties)
    * the territory with reference to the act of emancipation
    * the year of foundation
    * the presence of a micronation website (official website)


    ===Rilevazione sulla rete Internet delle micronazioni - anno 2022===
    ===Clarification on historical anomalies and aspiring states===
    '''I parametri analizzati nel campione di ricerca sono stati:'''
    A small number of micronations have the only apparent purpose of establishing themselves as sovereign states. Many of them are based on historical anomalies or on eccentric interpretations of laws. They are micronations located in often limited (and sometimes disputed) territories and are tolerated or ignored by the nations from which they would claim a secession.
     
    *la bandiera
    *l'emblema (''Coat of Arms'')
    *il nome dato alla micronazione
    *la popolazione dichiarata dalla micronazione (o in seconda istanza quella documentata da terzi)
    *il territorio con riferimento all'atto di emancipazione
    *l'anno di fondazione
    *la presenza di un sito Internet della micronazione (Sito web ufficiale)
     
    ===Precisazione sulle anomalie storiche e aspiranti Stati===
    Un piccolo numero di micronazioni hanno l'unico fine apparente di affermarsi come Stati sovrani. Molte di esse sono basate su anomalie storiche o su eccentriche interpretazioni di leggi. Sono micronazioni collocate in territori spesso limitati (e talvolta contesi) e sono tollerati o ignorati dalle nazioni da cui pretenderebbero una secessione.
    {| class="wikitable sortable"
    {| class="wikitable sortable"
    |+Tabella 1: Dati di sintesi della Rilevazione sulla rete Internet delle micronazioni - 2022 a cura di Renato Ongania
    |+Table 1: Summary data of the survey on the Internet of micronations - 2022 by Renato Ongania
    !Bandiera
    !Flag
    !Emblema
    !Coat of Arms
    !Nome
    !Name
    !Popolazione
    !Population
    !Territorio e atto di emancipazione
    !Territory with reference to the act of emancipation
    !Anno di fondazione
    !Year of foundation
    !Sito Internet
    !Official Website
    |-
    |-
    |[[File:Asgardia flag.jpg|senza_cornice|100x100px]]
    |[[File:Asgardia flag.jpg|senza_cornice|100x100px]]
    Riga 72: Riga 68:
    |'''Asgardia'''
    |'''Asgardia'''
    |1 014 904
    |1 014 904
    |Nessun Territorio. Non appare alcun atto di emancipazione di territorio sul pianeta Terra, si rivendica lo Spazio. Creata dal presidente del comitato scientifico dello spazio dell'UNESCO, Igor Ashurbeyli.
    |No Territory. No act of emancipation of territory appears on planet Earth, Space is claimed. Created by the chairman of the UNESCO Space Scientific Committee, Igor Ashurbeyli.
    |2016
    |2016
    |https://asgardia.space/it/pages/mission
    |https://asgardia.space/it/pages/mission
    Riga 80: Riga 76:
    |'''Parva Domus'''
    |'''Parva Domus'''
    |843.297<ref>https://it.frwiki.wiki/wiki/Parva_Domus</ref>
    |843.297<ref>https://it.frwiki.wiki/wiki/Parva_Domus</ref>
    |Autoproclamata repubblica indipendente, è una micronazione per scopi sociali e di intrattenimento. Situato a Montevideo, in Uruguay.
    |Self-proclaimed independent republic, it is a micronation for social and entertainment purposes. Located in Montevideo, Uruguay.
    It began as a protest by Florida Keys island residents and businesses against the United States Border Patrol roadblock. It remains as a tourist attraction.
    |1878
    |1878
    |https://www.defactoborders.org/places/parva-domus
    |https://www.defactoborders.org/places/parva-domus
    Riga 88: Riga 85:
    |'''Repubblica Conch'''
    |'''Repubblica Conch'''
    |68.071<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conch_Republic</ref>
    |68.071<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conch_Republic</ref>
    |Cominciò come una protesta dei residenti e degli esercizi commerciali delle isole delle Florida Keys contro il blocco stradale dello United States Border Patrol. Rimane come attrazione turistica.
    |It began as a protest by Florida Keys island residents and businesses against the United States Border Patrol roadblock. It remains as a tourist attraction.<br />
    |1982
    |1982
    |https://conchrepublic.com
    |https://conchrepublic.com
    Riga 96: Riga 93:
    |'''Ladonia'''
    |'''Ladonia'''
    |27.000
    |27.000
    |Creata dall'artista svedese Lars Vilks come casa per le sculture create da lui in una riserva naturale a nord ovest della Scania
    |Created by Swedish artist Lars Vilks as a home for his sculptures in a nature reserve northwest of Scania  
    |1980
    |1980
    |https://www.ladonia.org
    |https://www.ladonia.org
    Riga 104: Riga 101:
    |'''Wirtland'''
    |'''Wirtland'''
    |8.817<ref>http://www.wirtland.com</ref>
    |8.817<ref>http://www.wirtland.com</ref>
    |Wirtland è un esperimento di legittimità e autosostenibilità di un paese senza il proprio suolo, che trascende i confini nazionali senza violare o diminuire la sovranità delle persone coinvolte.
    |Wirtland is an experiment in the legitimacy and self-sustainability of a country without its own soil, which transcends national borders without violating or diminishing the sovereignty of the people involved.
    |2008
    |2008
    |http://www.wirtland.com
    |http://www.wirtland.com
    Riga 112: Riga 109:
    |'''Užupis'''
    |'''Užupis'''
    |7.000<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_Užupis</ref>
    |7.000<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_Užupis</ref>
    |Užupis è un quartiere situato in gran parte nel centro storico di Vilnius, in Lituania. Nel 1997, i residenti della zona hanno dichiarato una Repubblica di Užupis, con la propria bandiera, valuta, presidente e costituzione.
    |Užupis is a neighborhood located largely in the Old Town of Vilnius, Lithuania. In 1997, the residents of the area declared a Republic of Užupis, with its own flag, currency, president and constitution.
    |1997
    |1997
    |http://uzhupisembassy.eu
    |http://uzhupisembassy.eu
    Riga 120: Riga 117:
    |'''Nova Roma'''
    |'''Nova Roma'''
    |5.596<ref>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Citizen_(Nova_Roma)</ref>
    |5.596<ref>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Citizen_(Nova_Roma)</ref>
    |È una ricostruzione di una struttura politica ormai scomparsa per ricreare il passato. Ha coniato monete<ref>[http://www.novaroma.org/wiki/Coin_(Nova_Roma) Coin (Nova Roma) - NovaRoma<!-- Titolo generato automaticamente -->]</ref>, e usa il latino come lingua ufficiale. Si prepone come fine ultimo la ricostituzione di una nazione sul modello della Repubblica romana.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Roma</ref>
    |It is a reconstruction of a political structure that has now disappeared to recreate the past. He has minted coins, and uses Latin as an official language. The ultimate goal is the reconstitution of a nation on the model of the Roman Republic.
    |1998
    |1998
    |http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page
    |http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page
    Riga 128: Riga 125:
    |'''Antarcticland'''
    |'''Antarcticland'''
    |3100<ref>https://www.antarticland-gov.org</ref>
    |3100<ref>https://www.antarticland-gov.org</ref>
    |Comprendente le terre e le isole dell'Antartide che si estendono dal polo Sud al 60° S di latitudine e comprese tra le longitudini 90° W e 135° W, con un'area totale di 1.554.424&nbsp;km², un poco meno del territorio occupato da Portogallo, Spagna, Francia, Italia e Svizzera messe insieme. Il territorio è stato reclamato alle Nazioni Unite con notifica legale in base al diritto jus gentium ed a quello di autodeterminazione dei popoli riconosciuto dalla Carta Magna delle NU da un discendente dello scopritore del continente di ghiaccio: Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen
    |Including the lands and islands of Antarctica extending from the South Pole to latitude 60 ° S and between longitudes 90 ° W and 135 ° W, with a total area of​​1,554,424 km², a little less than the territory occupied by Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Switzerland combined. The territory was claimed to the United Nations with legal notification based on the jus gentium right and the right of self-determination of peoples recognized by the UN Charter by a descendant of the discoverer of the ice continent: Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen
    |1821
    |1821
    |https://www.antarticland-gov.org
    |https://www.antarticland-gov.org
    Riga 136: Riga 133:
    |'''Repubblica di Whangamomona'''
    |'''Repubblica di Whangamomona'''
    |3.000<ref>https://whangamomonahotel.co.nz/about-us/</ref>
    |3.000<ref>https://whangamomonahotel.co.nz/about-us/</ref>
    |Vennero ridisegnati i confini regionali, con la scusa della connessione alla rete idrica nazionale. Questi nuovi confini vedevano Whangamomona fare parte della regione di Manawatu-Wanganui. I residenti non concordavano, perché volevano continuare a fare parte della regione di Taranaki soprattutto per motivi legati alla rivalità tra le rispettive squadre di rugby regionali, e il 1º novembre 1989, risposero dichiarandosi indipendenti. La città continua a celebrare il Republic Day annualmente e contestualmente elegge democraticamente il presidente.
    |Regional borders were redrawn, with the excuse of connection to the national water network. These new borders saw Whangamomona being part of the Manawatu-Wanganui region. The residents disagreed, because they wanted to continue to be part of the Taranaki region mainly for reasons related to the rivalry between their respective regional rugby teams, and on November 1, 1989, they responded by declaring themselves independent. The city continues to celebrate Republic Day annually and at the same time democratically elects the president.
    |1989
    |1989
    |https://whangamomonahotel.co.nz
    |https://whangamomonahotel.co.nz
    Riga 152: Riga 149:
    |'''Repubblica Marittima di Eastport'''
    |'''Repubblica Marittima di Eastport'''
    |2.500<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_Republic_of_Eastport</ref>
    |2.500<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_Republic_of_Eastport</ref>
    |Una zona della città di Annapolis nel Maryland, che si è "separata" dal resto della città. Esiste ancora come veicolo pubblicitario, e tiene un particolare evento in forma di tiro alla fune per scopi caritatevoli
    |An area of​​the city of Annapolis in Maryland that has "separated" from the rest of the city. It still exists as an advertising vehicle, and holds a particular event in the form of a tug-of-war for charitable purposes.
    |1993
    |1993
    |http://themre.org
    |http://themre.org
    Riga 168: Riga 165:
    |'''Hay-on-Wye'''
    |'''Hay-on-Wye'''
    |2,000<ref>https://www.hay-on-wye.co.uk/information</ref>
    |2,000<ref>https://www.hay-on-wye.co.uk/information</ref>
    |Città del Galles che fu dichiarata indipendente dal bibliofilo Richard Booth, con intento pubblicitario al fine di promuovere la città come "città dei libri"
    |Micronation founded by Travis McHenry who claims 1/8 of the continent of Antarctica.
    City of Wales which was declared independent by bibliophile Richard Booth, with an advertising intent in order to promote the city as a "city of books"
    |1977
    |1977
    |https://www.hay-on-wye.co.uk
    |https://www.hay-on-wye.co.uk
    Riga 176: Riga 174:
    |'''Christiania'''
    |'''Christiania'''
    |1.000<ref>https://www.liberecomunita.org/index.php/micronazioni/153-libera-citta-di-christiania</ref>
    |1.000<ref>https://www.liberecomunita.org/index.php/micronazioni/153-libera-citta-di-christiania</ref>
    |Copre quasi 8 ettari nel distretto di Christianshavn di Copenaghen (Danimarca).
    |It covers almost 8 hectares in the Christianshavn district of Copenhagen (Denmark).
    |1971
    |1971
    |https://www.christiania.org
    |https://www.christiania.org
    Riga 184: Riga 182:
    |'''Libera Repubblica di Liberland'''
    |'''Libera Repubblica di Liberland'''
    |1.000<ref>https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberland</ref>
    |1.000<ref>https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberland</ref>
    |Fondata da Vít Jedlička<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/ambiente/2016/06/07/news/liberland_eco-141495896/ La Republica - Liberland, lo Stato minuscolo ha deciso: sarà ecosostenibile e carbon free]</ref><ref>[https://www.corriere.it/esteri/15_aprile_20/vit-fondatore-stato-libero-liberland-7-km-quadrati-no-tasse-bedbbf9a-e779-11e4-95de-75f89e715407.shtml Il Corriere della Sera - Vit, il fondatore dello Stato libero di Liberland: 7 km quadrati e no tasse]</ref> il 13 aprile 2015 in un territorio compreso tra Croazia e Serbia e non appartenente ai due stati<ref>[http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/mondo/liberland-vit-jedlicka-1120613.html Il Giornale - Liberland, uno Stato senza tasse nato tra la Serbia e la Croazia]</ref><ref>[https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/aree/Croazia/Liberland-la-terra-di-tutti-e-di-nessuno-161500 Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso TransEuropa - Liberland: la terra di tutti e di nessuno]</ref>.
    |It covers almost 8 hectares in the Christianshavn district of Copenhagen (Denmark).
    Founded by Vít Jedlička <ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/ambiente/2016/06/07/news/liberland_eco-141495896/ La Republica - Liberland, lo Stato minuscolo ha deciso: sarà ecosostenibile e carbon free]</ref><ref>[https://www.corriere.it/esteri/15_aprile_20/vit-fondatore-stato-libero-liberland-7-km-quadrati-no-tasse-bedbbf9a-e779-11e4-95de-75f89e715407.shtml Il Corriere della Sera - Vit, il fondatore dello Stato libero di Liberland: 7 km quadrati e no tasse]</ref> on 13 April 2015 in a territory between Croatia and Serbia and not belonging to the two states<ref>[http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/mondo/liberland-vit-jedlicka-1120613.html Il Giornale - Liberland, uno Stato senza tasse nato tra la Serbia e la Croazia]</ref><ref>[https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/aree/Croazia/Liberland-la-terra-di-tutti-e-di-nessuno-161500 Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso TransEuropa - Liberland: la terra di tutti e di nessuno]</ref>.
    |2015
    |2015
    |https://liberland.org/en/
    |https://liberland.org/en/
    Riga 192: Riga 191:
    | Holy Empire of Reunion |'''Reunion'''
    | Holy Empire of Reunion |'''Reunion'''
    |900<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Empire_of_Reunion</ref>
    |900<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Empire_of_Reunion</ref>
    |Una micronazione fondata da studenti di giurisprudenza brasiliani come simulazione politica. Reunion ha un sistema politico molto attivo. Ha emesso passaporti, coniato monete ed è considerata una delle più importanti micronazioni lusofone.
    |A micronation founded by Brazilian law students as a political simulation. Reunion has a very active political system. It has issued passports, minted coins and is considered one of the most important Lusophone micronations.
    |1997
    |1997
    |http://www.reuniao.org
    |http://www.reuniao.org
    Riga 200: Riga 199:
    |'''Grand Duchy of Flandrensis'''
    |'''Grand Duchy of Flandrensis'''
    |832
    |832
    |Cinque piccole isole delle coste dell'Antartide occidentale. Rivendicazione di Nicholas de Mersch d'Oyenberghe ha rivendicato le isole a suo nome inviando lettere alle Nazioni Unite e alle nazioni che firmarono il Trattato sull'Antartide (1959).
    |Five small islands off the coast of West Antarctica. Claiming Nicholas de Mersch d'Oyenberghe claimed the islands in his name by sending letters to the United Nations and the nations that signed the Treaty on Antarctica (1959).
    |2008
    |2008
    |https://flandrensis.com
    |https://flandrensis.com
    Riga 208: Riga 207:
    |'''Repubblica di Frigolandia'''
    |'''Repubblica di Frigolandia'''
    |600<ref>https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_di_Frigolandia</ref>
    |600<ref>https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_di_Frigolandia</ref>
    |Frigolandia è il progetto-sogno-realtà di una repubblica della fantasia, dell’arte e della creatività, laboratorio di ricerche e invenzioni su nuovi mondi possibili, città multipolare dell’Arte Maivista. Si trova a Giano dell'Umbria, PG. È una repubblica pensata da Vincenzo Sparagna ed Andrea Pazienza nel 1988, ed instaurata nel 2005 da Sparagna nel Comune di Giano dell'Umbria come "Repubblica della fantasia".
    |Frigolandia is the dream-reality project of a republic of fantasy, art and creativity, a laboratory for research and inventions on new possible worlds, a multipolar city of Maivist Art. It is located in Giano dell'Umbria, PG. It is a republic conceived by Vincenzo Sparagna and Andrea Pazienza in 1988, and established in 2005 by Sparagna in the Municipality of Giano dell'Umbria as a "Republic of fantasy".
    |2005
    |2005
    |https://www.frigolandia.eu
    |https://www.frigolandia.eu
    Riga 216: Riga 215:
    |'''Principality of Aigues-Mortes'''
    |'''Principality of Aigues-Mortes'''
    |469<ref>https://www.principaute-aigues-mortes.com/english</ref>
    |469<ref>https://www.principaute-aigues-mortes.com/english</ref>
    |Il Principato di Aigues-mortes (francese: Principauté d'Aigues-Mortes) è una Micronazione originariamente creata per promuovere e sostenere le iniziative locali dell'omonima città, situata nel sud della Francia, 23 km a est di Montpellier. ​
    |The Principality of Aigues-mortes (French: Principauté d'Aigues-Mortes) is a Micronation originally created to promote and support local initiatives in the city of the same name, located in the south of France, 23 km east of Montpellier. ​
    |2011
    |2011
    |https://www.principaute-aigues-mortes.com/english
    |https://www.principaute-aigues-mortes.com/english
    Riga 224: Riga 223:
    |'''Repubblica di Saugeais (''République du Saugeais'')'''
    |'''Repubblica di Saugeais (''République du Saugeais'')'''
    |466<ref>https://www.tourisme-loue-saugeais.com/la-republique-du-saugeais/lhistoire.html</ref>
    |466<ref>https://www.tourisme-loue-saugeais.com/la-republique-du-saugeais/lhistoire.html</ref>
    |Una Repubblica nel Dipartimento di Doubs in Francia, al confine con la Svizzera. La Repubblica è stata creata con le 11 municipalità di Les Alliés, Arcon, Bugny, La Chaux, Gilley, Hauterive-la-Fresse, La Longeville, Montflovin, Maisons-du-Bois-Lièvremont, Ville-du-Pont e la capitale Montbenoît. Ha avuto come "presidente" Georgette Bertin-Pourchet, eletta nel 2006, un "primo ministro" e numerosi "cittadini". È nata come scherzo tra un albergatore della zona ed un prefetto di passaggio.
    |A Republic in the Department of Doubs in France, bordering Switzerland. The Republic was created with the 11 municipalities of Les Alliés, Arcon, Bugny, La Chaux, Gilley, Hauterive-la-Fresse, La Longeville, Montflovin, Maisons-du-Bois-Lièvremont, Ville-du-Pont and the capital Montbenoît . It had as its "president" Georgette Bertin-Pourchet, elected in 2006, a "prime minister" and numerous "citizens". It was born as a joke between a local hotelier and a passing prefect.
    |1947
    |1947
    |https://www.tourisme-loue-saugeais.com/la-republique-du-saugeais/lhistoire.html
    |https://www.tourisme-loue-saugeais.com/la-republique-du-saugeais/lhistoire.html
    Riga 232: Riga 231:
    |'''West Who'''
    |'''West Who'''
    |360<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_West_Who</ref>
    |360<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_West_Who</ref>
    |Una micronazione descritta come "una nazione divertente e felice".
    |A micronation described as "a fun and happy nation".
    |1969
    |1969
    |[https://www.westwho.com/about-us/#:~:text=About%20Us,7%20miles%20west%20of%20Denver. https://www.westwho.com]
    |[https://www.westwho.com/about-us/#:~:text=About%20Us,7%20miles%20west%20of%20Denver. https://www.westwho.com]
    Riga 240: Riga 239:
    |'''Principato di Sealand'''
    |'''Principato di Sealand'''
    |350<ref>https://www.newsfirst.lk/2020/12/13/exclusive-sealand-a-micronation-selling-noble-titles/</ref>
    |350<ref>https://www.newsfirst.lk/2020/12/13/exclusive-sealand-a-micronation-selling-noble-titles/</ref>
    |È un sedicente principato situato al largo della costa della Gran Bretagna, in acque non territoriali, su una piattaforma antiaerea abbandonata della Seconda guerra mondiale. Occupata da un gruppo radio pirata nel 1967 come base per le proprie operazioni, la piattaforma è anche base operativa di HavenCo, un "paradiso informatico" per il web-hosting sicuro; ha ospitato anche Napster in uno dei periodi più discussi.
    |It is a self-styled principality located off the coast of Great Britain, in non-territorial waters, on an abandoned WWII anti-aircraft platform. Occupied by a pirate radio group in 1967 as a base for its operations, the platform is also the operational base of HavenCo, a "computer paradise" for secure web-hosting; it also hosted Napster in one of the most talked about periods.
    |1967
    |1967
    |https://sealandgov.org
    |https://sealandgov.org
    Riga 248: Riga 247:
    |'''Principato di Seborga'''
    |'''Principato di Seborga'''
    |297<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Seborga</ref>
    |297<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Seborga</ref>
    |In base alla presunta non annessione con documenti ufficiali, il Comune di Seborga, in Italia, è ritenuto da alcuni suoi abitanti un principato indipendente, in base a notizie risalenti al Medioevo e all'Età Moderna. Rispettano in ogni caso tutte le leggi italiane, comprese le tasse e il voto.
    |Based on the alleged non-annexation with official documents, the Municipality of Seborga, in Italy, is considered by some of its inhabitants to be an independent principality, based on information dating back to the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. In any case, they respect all Italian laws, including taxes and voting.
    |1963
    |1963
    |https://www.principatodiseborga.com
    |https://www.principatodiseborga.com
    Riga 256: Riga 255:
    |'''Kingdom of Talossa'''
    |'''Kingdom of Talossa'''
    |212<ref>https://italiawiki.com/pages/geografia-del-wisconsin/regno-di-talossa-reclami-lingua-cittadinanza-repubblica-di-talossa-esterno.html</ref>
    |212<ref>https://italiawiki.com/pages/geografia-del-wisconsin/regno-di-talossa-reclami-lingua-cittadinanza-repubblica-di-talossa-esterno.html</ref>
    |Fondato a Milwaukee dal quattordicenne Robert Ben Madison nel 1979, proclamatosi re Robert I: a causa di una disputa sul suo controllo sulla politica interna di Talossa e sull'immigrazione, nel 1998 uscirono dal Regno alcuni membri, fondando il Free Commonwealth of Penguinea; nel 2004 questo gruppo si unì a un'altra serie di cittadini scontenti, che formarono la Repubblica di Talossa. Regno e Repubblica si riunirono più tardi (2012).
    |Founded in Milwaukee by fourteen-year-old Robert Ben Madison in 1979, who proclaimed himself King Robert I: due to a dispute over his control over Talossa's internal politics and immigration, some members left the Kingdom in 1998, founding the Free Commonwealth of Penguinea; in 2004 this group joined another series of discontented citizens, who formed the Republic of Talossa. Kingdom and Republic reunited later (2012).
    |1979
    |1979
    |https://talossa.com
    |https://talossa.com
    Riga 263: Riga 262:
    |[[File:Bardo Coat of Arm.png|senza_cornice|100x100px]]
    |[[File:Bardo Coat of Arm.png|senza_cornice|100x100px]]
    |'''Bardo'''
    |'''Bardo'''
    |200<ref>Informazione acquisita mediante la chat di FB della pagina ufficiale il giorno 11 luglio 2022. Nel 2020 i cittadini dichiarati erano 80:https://www.unionemonregalese.it/2020/12/23/un-ducato-a-torre-la-micronazione-intenzionale-del-bardo/</ref>
    |200<ref>Data got with the chat of Facebook Official Page last 11 July 2022. In 2020 the declared citizens were 80:
    |Comune di Bardo, Piemonte.
     
    https://www.unionemonregalese.it/2020/12/23/un-ducato-a-torre-la-micronazione-intenzionale-del-bardo/</ref>
    |Municipality of Bardo, Piedmont, Italy
    |2020
    |2020
    |http://www.bardomicronation.eu
    |http://www.bardomicronation.eu
    Riga 272: Riga 273:
    |'''Kingdom of Ruritania'''
    |'''Kingdom of Ruritania'''
    |200<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ruritania</ref>
    |200<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ruritania</ref>
    |Il paese è iniziato come una pseudo-simulazione di una nazione immaginaria, nel 1967, ma si è evoluto (dopo Internet) in una micronazione con attività nel mondo reale.
    |The country began as a pseudo-simulation of a fictional nation in 1967, but has evolved (after the Internet) into a micronation with real-world activity.
    |1967
    |1967
    |https://www.ruritania.net
    |https://www.ruritania.net
    Riga 280: Riga 281:
    |'''Libera Repubblica di Alcatraz'''
    |'''Libera Repubblica di Alcatraz'''
    |193
    |193
    |Territorio vicino a Gubbio.
    |Territory near Gubbio.
    |2009
    |2009
    |https://www.jacopofo.com/libera-repubblica-alcatraz-costituzione
    |https://www.jacopofo.com/libera-repubblica-alcatraz-costituzione
    Riga 288: Riga 289:
    |'''Lostisland'''
    |'''Lostisland'''
    |137<ref>https://lostisland.org</ref>
    |137<ref>https://lostisland.org</ref>
    |A differenza di molte altre micronazioni, Lostisland non pretende di essere uno stato sovrano, ma si definisce piuttosto un progetto culturale e sociale.
    |Unlike many other micronations, Lostisland does not claim to be a sovereign state, but rather defines itself as a cultural and social project.
    |2008
    |2008
    |https://lostisland.org
    |https://lostisland.org
    Riga 296: Riga 297:
    |'''Repubblica di Rino Island''' (''República de Rino Island'')
    |'''Repubblica di Rino Island''' (''República de Rino Island'')
    |130<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_Rino_Island</ref>
    |130<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_Rino_Island</ref>
    |Micronazione sudamericana che rivendica l'isola del Podestà, Minnehaha, Emily e Rivadeneyra, al largo della costa del Cile, nell'oceano Pacifico.
    |South American micronation that claims the island of Podestà, Minnehaha, Emily and Rivadeneyra, off the coast of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean.
    |2009
    |2009
    |https://www.rinoisland.com
    |https://www.rinoisland.com
    Riga 304: Riga 305:
    |'''Autonomous Zone Of Urside'''
    |'''Autonomous Zone Of Urside'''
    |117<ref>Stima sulla base dei follower account Instagram.</ref>
    |117<ref>Stima sulla base dei follower account Instagram.</ref>
    |Enclave della micronazione Ducato di Bardo.
    |Duchy of Bardo micronation enclave.
    |2020
    |2020
    |https://www.instagram.com/urside_micronation/
    |https://www.instagram.com/urside_micronation/
    Riga 312: Riga 313:
    |'''Impero aericano'''
    |'''Impero aericano'''
    |104<ref>https://aericanempire.com/census2022.html</ref>
    |104<ref>https://aericanempire.com/census2022.html</ref>
    |Micronazione fondata nel 1987 e nota per gli strani usi e costumi, la bandiera con lo smiley e la serie di festività nazionali che include la "Topin Wagglegammon".
    |Micronation founded in 1987 and known for strange customs and habits, the smiley flag and the series of national holidays which includes the "Topin Wagglegammon".
    |1987
    |1987
    |http://www.aericanempire.com
    |http://www.aericanempire.com
    Riga 320: Riga 321:
    |'''Empire of Agber'''
    |'''Empire of Agber'''
    |108<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Empire_of_Agber</ref>
    |108<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Empire_of_Agber</ref>
    |Fondato per la prima volta come Principato di Kolios, il progetto è stato reinventato all'inizio del 1998 come l'Impero di Agber, con Kolios che è diventato una nazione all'interno dell'Impero.
    |First established as the Principality of Kolios, the project was reinvented in early 1998 as the Empire of Agber, with Kolios becoming a nation within the Empire.
    |1995
    |1995
    |https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Empire_of_Agber
    |https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Empire_of_Agber
    Riga 328: Riga 329:
    |'''Empire of Austenasia'''
    |'''Empire of Austenasia'''
    |106<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenasia</ref>
    |106<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenasia</ref>
    |Uno stato sovrano autodichiarato con sede nel Regno Unito.
    |A self-declared sovereign state based in the UK.
    |2008
    |2008
    |https://austenasia.com
    |https://austenasia.com
    Riga 336: Riga 337:
    |'''Commonwealth of Dracul'''
    |'''Commonwealth of Dracul'''
    |98<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Dracul</ref>
    |98<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Dracul</ref>
    |Una micronazione nordamericana situata all'interno e circondata da Houston, in Texas.
    |A North American micronation located in and surrounded by Houston, Texas.
    |2017
    |2017
    |https://www.draculgov.com
    |https://www.draculgov.com
    Riga 344: Riga 345:
    |'''Repubblica dei Poeti'''
    |'''Repubblica dei Poeti'''
    |84<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_Poets</ref>
    |84<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_Poets</ref>
    |Comune di Salento (SA) in una formula di meta-sovranità. Non appare alcun atto di emancipazione di territorio.
    |Municipality of Salento (SA, Italy) in a formula of meta-sovereignty. No act of territorial emancipation appears.
    |2022
    |2022
    |https://www.wikipoesia.it/wiki/Repubblica_dei_Poeti
    |https://www.wikipoesia.it/wiki/Repubblica_dei_Poeti
    Riga 352: Riga 353:
    |'''Slabovia'''
    |'''Slabovia'''
    |45<ref>http://www.slabovia.com/wiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.Slabovia</ref>
    |45<ref>http://www.slabovia.com/wiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.Slabovia</ref>
    |Slabovia esiste nei cuori, nelle menti e nei corpi dei suoi cittadini nobili e retti.
    |Slabovia exists in the hearts, minds and bodies of its noble and righteous citizens.
    |1984
    |1984
    |http://www.slabovia.com
    |http://www.slabovia.com
    Riga 361: Riga 362:
    |'''Kingdom of Scone'''
    |'''Kingdom of Scone'''
    |40<ref>https://www.kingdomofscone.com</ref>
    |40<ref>https://www.kingdomofscone.com</ref>
    |Regno in miniatura governato da una monarchia e da un parlamento modellato sulla corona britannica e sul parlamento di Westminster.
    |Miniature kingdom ruled by a monarchy and parliament modeled after the British crown and the Westminster parliament.
    |2014
    |2014
    |https://www.kingdomofscone.com
    |https://www.kingdomofscone.com
    Riga 369: Riga 370:
    |'''Empire d'Angyalistan'''
    |'''Empire d'Angyalistan'''
    |36<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Empire_of_Angyalistan</ref>
    |36<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Empire_of_Angyalistan</ref>
    |Non ha un Territorio. Non appare alcun atto di emancipazione di territorio.
    |It does not have a Territory. No act of territorial emancipation appears.
    |1999
    |1999
    |http://www.angyalistan.com
    |http://www.angyalistan.com
    Riga 377: Riga 378:
    |'''Repubblica di Molossia'''
    |'''Repubblica di Molossia'''
    |30<ref>https://travelnevada.com/weird-nevada/republic-of-molossia/#:~:text=With%20a%20reported%20population%20of,has%20just%20about%20everything%20else.</ref>
    |30<ref>https://travelnevada.com/weird-nevada/republic-of-molossia/#:~:text=With%20a%20reported%20population%20of,has%20just%20about%20everything%20else.</ref>
    |Una micronazione di 2,5 ettari basata nel deserto vicino Reno (Nevada), creata dal suo presidente Kevin Baugh. Qui è ambientata la miniserie web "Kickassia", interpretata dal recensore americano ''Nostalgia Critic'' (Doug Walker) e altri youtuber famosi in America.
    |A 2.5-hectare micronation based in the desert near Reno (Nevada), created by its president Kevin Baugh. Here is set the web miniseries "Kickassia", starring the American reviewer Nostalgia Critic (Doug Walker) and other famous youtubers in America.
    |1977
    |1977
    |http://molossia.org
    |http://molossia.org
    Riga 386: Riga 387:
    '''Kiraelin Autonominen Valtio'''
    '''Kiraelin Autonominen Valtio'''
    |30<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Autonomous_State_of_Kirael</ref>
    |30<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Autonomous_State_of_Kirael</ref>
    |La Repubblica di Kirael è iniziata come una nazione capitalista, per poi diventare socialista il 19 ottobre 2020. Alla fine, Kirael ha aggiornato il suo stato economico riportandolo alla sua forma originale.
    |The Republic of Kirael started out as a capitalist nation, then turned socialist on October 19, 2020. Eventually, Kirael updated its economic status back to its original form.
    |2020
    |2020
    |https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Autonomous_State_of_Kirael
    |https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Autonomous_State_of_Kirael
    Riga 394: Riga 395:
    |'''Kingdom of Pibocip'''
    |'''Kingdom of Pibocip'''
    |20<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pibocip</ref>
    |20<ref>https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pibocip</ref>
    |Il regno di Pibocip è una micronazione molto piccolo situato nella regione nord-orientale dello stato americano dell'Ohio.
    |The kingdom of Pibocip is a very small micronation located in the northeastern region of the US state of Ohio.
    |2020
    |2020
    |https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pibocip
    |https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pibocip
    Riga 402: Riga 403:
    |'''Regno di Tavolara'''
    |'''Regno di Tavolara'''
    |15<ref>Intervista al Re.</ref>
    |15<ref>Intervista al Re.</ref>
    |Tavolara è un'isola della costa nord-est della Sardegna, che nel 1836 sarebbe stata riconosciuta come regno dal re Carlo Alberto di Savoia; "di fatto" rientrò nel territorio del Regno d'Italia, all'atto della proclamazione di quest'ultimo, il 17 marzo 1861.
    |Tavolara is an island on the north-east coast of Sardinia, which in 1836 would have been recognized as a kingdom by King Carlo Alberto of Savoy; "in fact" it returned to the territory of the Kingdom of Italy, at the time of the latter's proclamation, on March 17, 1861.
    |1836
    |1836
    |https://it.frwiki.wiki/wiki/Royaume_de_Tavolara
    |https://it.frwiki.wiki/wiki/Royaume_de_Tavolara
    Riga 410: Riga 411:
    |'''Zaqistan'''
    |'''Zaqistan'''
    |3
    |3
    |Un piccolo tratto di terra nella contea di Box Elder, una parte remota dello Utah, su cui il suo proprietario ha costruito monumenti. Ha anche rilasciato passaporti.
    |A small tract of land in Box Elder County, a remote part of Utah, on which its owner has built monuments. He also issued passports.
    |2005
    |2005
    |http://www.zaqart.com/zaqistan/zaqistan.shtml
    |http://www.zaqart.com/zaqistan/zaqistan.shtml
    Riga 418: Riga 419:
    |'''Principality of Wy'''
    |'''Principality of Wy'''
    |2<ref>https://www.wikisemiotica.it/wiki/Semiotica_delle_MicroNazioni?veaction=edit&section=5#Anomalie_storiche_e_aspiranti_Stati</ref>
    |2<ref>https://www.wikisemiotica.it/wiki/Semiotica_delle_MicroNazioni?veaction=edit&section=5#Anomalie_storiche_e_aspiranti_Stati</ref>
    |Istituito da Paul Delprat durante una controversia con il consiglio locale del comune di Mosman a Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney sulla costruzione di un vialetto di accesso alla sua proprietà.
    |Established by Paul Delprat during a dispute with the local council of the Mosman borough in Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney over the construction of a driveway to his property.
    |2004
    |2004
    |https://principalityofwy.com
    |https://principalityofwy.com
    Riga 427: Riga 428:
    מדינת אכזיב
    מדינת אכזיב
    |1<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-44142794</ref>
    |1<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-44142794</ref>
    |È una "repubblica indipendente" auto-proclamata, stabilita dal marinaio hippy israeliano Eli Avivi su una spiaggia del Mediterraneo a Akhziv in Israele. Il fondatore è deceduto e rimane solo la moglie.
    |It is a self-proclaimed "independent republic" established by Israeli hippy sailor Eli Avivi on a Mediterranean beach in Akhziv in Israel. The founder has passed away and only his wife remains.
    |1971
    |1971
    |https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhzivland
    |https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhzivland
    Riga 433: Riga 434:




    ''Fonte: Elaborazione propria (dott. Renato Ongania), luglio 2022.''
    ''Source: Own elaboration (Dr. Renato Ongania), July 2022.''


    ==Note==
    ==Note==

    Versione delle 08:02, 27 lug 2022

    Template:InterLanguagelink:en Semiotics of the MicroNations is a selection of micronations (Table 1).

    The article is the result of a precise work of research and web compilation.

    The pictures of flags and coat of arms of the micronations are available in the Wikimedia Commons database or in the Wiki Cultura database.

    The purpose of the article is to offer "raw data" for a future semiotic study of the texts about each micronation.

    (By Renato Ongania)[1] 

    Definitions and methodological notes

    Misleading definition

    A review of the bibliography available in the context of micronations has determined the centrality of the work of Graziano Graziani (Atlante delle micronazioni, Quodlibet Compagnia Extra, 2015), in the December 2020 version for Kindle.

    Although the atlas directs the reader to a good selection of micronations, it is based on concepts defined with a certain approximation.

    In the introduction Graziani writes:

    "This Atlas collects the stories and maps of tiny countries that no one has ever recognized: the micronations. What kind of political entity are we talking about? According to Wikipedia, a micronation is "an entity created by a person, or by a small number of people, which claims to be considered as an independent nation or state, but which is nevertheless not recognized by governments and major international organizations". What makes it different, then, from an unrecognized secession like Somaliland or Transnistria, or from the principle of self-determination of peoples? The fact that there are no peoples to be self-determined, first of all, because micronations involve a limited number of people; their generally very limited territorial extension; sometimes, their eccentric nature."[2]

    The definition of micronation offered by Wikipedia and taken up by Graziani presents an element that characterizes the entity called "micronation" which is completely misleading. In particular, the Wikipedia's authors attribute to the creators / founders of a micronation the claim to be considered as an independent nation or state; in this perspective the creator of a micronation, or more properly the authors / founders, are pre-judged as disconnected from reality or "not in harmony" with the institutions, or even "anti-" subjects. A quick analysis of the texts and metatexts contained in the micronation websites and more in the narrative storytelling of the micronation, disproves much of this connotation. This makes Wikipedia's definition of micronation a gross, incomplete and partly false simplification. As it will be possible to analyze through a semiotic gaze, the true goal of this article, not all micronations claim to be considered as "independent nations or states" - there is certainly a need to appear such, a simulation, but even here it would be reductive to dismiss the phenomenon as a mere microscopic simulation of a state. There is so much more.

    So what is a micronation?

    Perhaps the most useful approach to approximating the concept of micronation is to first introduce another concept, the Legal Fiction. Here is the starting point:

    -

    "To limit the repercussions created by the discrepancy between legal reality and historical reality, jurisprudence has created the general remedy of legal fiction aimed at protecting the trust in good faith (Article 1358 of the Italian Civil Code) of the party deceived by appearance. Specifically through this tool:

    what in reality does not exist is pretended to exist or, conversely, what in reality exists is pretended to exist, so that a specific historical fact can produce legal effects which, otherwise, would not arise."[3]

    -

    Another note that contradicts Graziani's definition is that micronations are not necessarily small, there is a huge one, which even exceed a million citizens!

    Usefull Definitions

    While a microstate is a real state in all respects, a micronation is a more recent phenomenon that outwardly imitates some formal aspects. The inconsistency and unrealistic character (often openly playful) clearly distinguishes these initiatives from much more concrete attempts at secession or self-determination.

    Beyond the Atlas of MicroNations

    The survey carried out on the Internet was superimposed first on the Atlas (Graziani, 2020), then on a less detailed List of micronations (Wikipedia.it) - both texts that were important for the drafting of the article.

    The categorizations made by Graziani in the atlas (2020) and by Wikipedia (in the article List of micronations) were completely unsuitable for the study of the phenomenon of micronations. In this survey, the key parameter adopted to classify the micronations was the "Population", the number of so-called "Citizens".

    From the selection, all the micronations that no longer exist and the non-encyclopedic ones have been ignored, while some non-encyclopedic ones are included (an arbitrary selection of them, with a limited geopolitical perspective).

    First Observations

    The projects that lead to the conception, birth, growth and evolution of micronations almost always have a key element that distinguishes them, the act of emancipation with which they simulate or more or less apodictically claim a territory. An exception are those aterritorial micronations, that is, those that do not include the element of the claim.

    Survey on the web about the micronations - year 2022

    The parameters analyzed in the research sample were:

    • flag
    • the emblem (Coat of Arms)
    • the name given to micronation
    • the population declared by the micronation (or secondly the one documented by third parties)
    • the territory with reference to the act of emancipation
    • the year of foundation
    • the presence of a micronation website (official website)

    Clarification on historical anomalies and aspiring states

    A small number of micronations have the only apparent purpose of establishing themselves as sovereign states. Many of them are based on historical anomalies or on eccentric interpretations of laws. They are micronations located in often limited (and sometimes disputed) territories and are tolerated or ignored by the nations from which they would claim a secession.

    Table 1: Summary data of the survey on the Internet of micronations - 2022 by Renato Ongania
    Flag Coat of Arms Name Population Territory with reference to the act of emancipation Year of foundation Official Website
    File:Asgardia flag.jpg Asgardia emblema.png Asgardia 1 014 904 No Territory. No act of emancipation of territory appears on planet Earth, Space is claimed. Created by the chairman of the UNESCO Space Scientific Committee, Igor Ashurbeyli. 2016 https://asgardia.space/it/pages/mission
    Escudo Parva Domus.svg Parva Domus 843.297[4] Self-proclaimed independent republic, it is a micronation for social and entertainment purposes. Located in Montevideo, Uruguay.

    It began as a protest by Florida Keys island residents and businesses against the United States Border Patrol roadblock. It remains as a tourist attraction.

    		1878 https://www.defactoborders.org/places/parva-domus
    Coat of arms of the Conch Republic.png Repubblica Conch 68.071[5] It began as a protest by Florida Keys island residents and businesses against the United States Border Patrol roadblock. It remains as a tourist attraction.
    		 1982 https://conchrepublic.com
    Flag of Ladonia with contours.svg Coat of Arms of Ladonia.PNG Ladonia 27.000 Created by Swedish artist Lars Vilks as a home for his sculptures in a nature reserve northwest of Scania 1980 https://www.ladonia.org
    Wirtland Coat of Arms.png Wirtland 8.817[6] Wirtland is an experiment in the legitimacy and self-sustainability of a country without its own soil, which transcends national borders without violating or diminishing the sovereignty of the people involved. 2008 http://www.wirtland.com
    Flag of the Republic of Uzupis.gif Coat of Arms of the Republic of Uzupis.gif Užupis 7.000[7] Užupis is a neighborhood located largely in the Old Town of Vilnius, Lithuania. In 1997, the residents of the area declared a Republic of Užupis, with its own flag, currency, president and constitution. 1997 http://uzhupisembassy.eu
    Nova Roma Flag.svg Non presente Nova Roma 5.596[8] It is a reconstruction of a political structure that has now disappeared to recreate the past. He has minted coins, and uses Latin as an official language. The ultimate goal is the reconstitution of a nation on the model of the Roman Republic. 1998 http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page
    Antarcticland coat of arms.png Antarcticland 3100[9] Including the lands and islands of Antarctica extending from the South Pole to latitude 60 ° S and between longitudes 90 ° W and 135 ° W, with a total area of​​1,554,424 km², a little less than the territory occupied by Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Switzerland combined. The territory was claimed to the United Nations with legal notification based on the jus gentium right and the right of self-determination of peoples recognized by the UN Charter by a descendant of the discoverer of the ice continent: Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen 1821 https://www.antarticland-gov.org
    non presente Whangamomona 01.png Repubblica di Whangamomona 3.000[10] Regional borders were redrawn, with the excuse of connection to the national water network. These new borders saw Whangamomona being part of the Manawatu-Wanganui region. The residents disagreed, because they wanted to continue to be part of the Taranaki region mainly for reasons related to the rivalry between their respective regional rugby teams, and on November 1, 1989, they responded by declaring themselves independent. The city continues to celebrate Republic Day annually and at the same time democratically elects the president. 1989 https://whangamomonahotel.co.nz
    Imperial State Signum of Atlantium.svg Atlantium 3.000[11] Based in Australia, it advocates for global governance: specifically, no borders and freedom of movement. 1981 https://www.atlantium.org
    Maritime republic of Eastport flag.png esiste solo integrato nella bandiera Repubblica Marittima di Eastport 2.500[12] An area of​​the city of Annapolis in Maryland that has "separated" from the rest of the city. It still exists as an advertising vehicle, and holds a particular event in the form of a tug-of-war for charitable purposes. 1993 http://themre.org
    Westarctica Arms - Full.png Westarctica 2.150[13] Micronazione fondata da Travis McHenry che rivendica 1/8 del continente dell'Antartide. 2001 https://www.westarctica.info
    non presente Hay on Wye Coat of Arms.jpg Hay-on-Wye 2,000[14] Micronation founded by Travis McHenry who claims 1/8 of the continent of Antarctica.

    City of Wales which was declared independent by bibliophile Richard Booth, with an advertising intent in order to promote the city as a "city of books"

    		1977 https://www.hay-on-wye.co.uk
    Flag of Christiania.svg Non presente Christiania 1.000[15] It covers almost 8 hectares in the Christianshavn district of Copenhagen (Denmark). 1971 https://www.christiania.org
    Flag of Liberland.svg Coat of Arms of Liberland.svg Libera Repubblica di Liberland 1.000[16] It covers almost 8 hectares in the Christianshavn district of Copenhagen (Denmark).

    Founded by Vít Jedlička [17][18] on 13 April 2015 in a territory between Croatia and Serbia and not belonging to the two states[19][20].

    		2015 https://liberland.org/en/
    Brasao Sacro Imperio de Reuniao.jpg Reunion 900[21] A micronation founded by Brazilian law students as a political simulation. Reunion has a very active political system. It has issued passports, minted coins and is considered one of the most important Lusophone micronations. 1997 http://www.reuniao.org
    Flag of Flandrensis.svg Granducato di Flandrensis.png Grand Duchy of Flandrensis 832 Five small islands off the coast of West Antarctica. Claiming Nicholas de Mersch d'Oyenberghe claimed the islands in his name by sending letters to the United Nations and the nations that signed the Treaty on Antarctica (1959). 2008 https://flandrensis.com
    Non presente
    		 Frigolandia coat of arms.gif Repubblica di Frigolandia 600[22] Frigolandia is the dream-reality project of a republic of fantasy, art and creativity, a laboratory for research and inventions on new possible worlds, a multipolar city of Maivist Art. It is located in Giano dell'Umbria, PG. It is a republic conceived by Vincenzo Sparagna and Andrea Pazienza in 1988, and established in 2005 by Sparagna in the Municipality of Giano dell'Umbria as a "Republic of fantasy". 2005 https://www.frigolandia.eu
    Flag of Principality of Aigues-Mortes.svg Armoiries Princières Format.jpg Principality of Aigues-Mortes 469[23] The Principality of Aigues-mortes (French: Principauté d'Aigues-Mortes) is a Micronation originally created to promote and support local initiatives in the city of the same name, located in the south of France, 23 km east of Montpellier. ​ 2011 https://www.principaute-aigues-mortes.com/english
    Republic of Saugeais Coat of Arms.svg Repubblica di Saugeais (République du Saugeais) 466[24] A Republic in the Department of Doubs in France, bordering Switzerland. The Republic was created with the 11 municipalities of Les Alliés, Arcon, Bugny, La Chaux, Gilley, Hauterive-la-Fresse, La Longeville, Montflovin, Maisons-du-Bois-Lièvremont, Ville-du-Pont and the capital Montbenoît . It had as its "president" Georgette Bertin-Pourchet, elected in 2006, a "prime minister" and numerous "citizens". It was born as a joke between a local hotelier and a passing prefect. 1947 https://www.tourisme-loue-saugeais.com/la-republique-du-saugeais/lhistoire.html
    Flag of West Who.svg West Who Seal.jpg West Who 360[25] A micronation described as "a fun and happy nation". 1969 https://www.westwho.com
    Sealand Coat of Arms.svg Principato di Sealand 350[26] It is a self-styled principality located off the coast of Great Britain, in non-territorial waters, on an abandoned WWII anti-aircraft platform. Occupied by a pirate radio group in 1967 as a base for its operations, the platform is also the operational base of HavenCo, a "computer paradise" for secure web-hosting; it also hosted Napster in one of the most talked about periods. 1967 https://sealandgov.org
    Coat of Arms of the Principality of Seborga -vector.svg Principato di Seborga 297[27] Based on the alleged non-annexation with official documents, the Municipality of Seborga, in Italy, is considered by some of its inhabitants to be an independent principality, based on information dating back to the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. In any case, they respect all Italian laws, including taxes and voting. 1963 https://www.principatodiseborga.com
    Flag of the Kingdom of Talossa.svg Regno di Talossa Coat of Arms.png Kingdom of Talossa 212[28] Founded in Milwaukee by fourteen-year-old Robert Ben Madison in 1979, who proclaimed himself King Robert I: due to a dispute over his control over Talossa's internal politics and immigration, some members left the Kingdom in 1998, founding the Free Commonwealth of Penguinea; in 2004 this group joined another series of discontented citizens, who formed the Republic of Talossa. Kingdom and Republic reunited later (2012). 1979 https://talossa.com
    Bandiera Bardo.jpg Bardo Coat of Arm.png Bardo 200[29] Municipality of Bardo, Piedmont, Italy 2020 http://www.bardomicronation.eu
    Ruritaniacoatofarms.jpg Kingdom of Ruritania 200[30] The country began as a pseudo-simulation of a fictional nation in 1967, but has evolved (after the Internet) into a micronation with real-world activity. 1967 https://www.ruritania.net
    Bandiera-alcatraz-2.jpg Non presente Libera Repubblica di Alcatraz 193 Territory near Gubbio. 2009 https://www.jacopofo.com/libera-repubblica-alcatraz-costituzione
    Coat of Arms of Lostisland.png Lostisland 137[31] Unlike many other micronations, Lostisland does not claim to be a sovereign state, but rather defines itself as a cultural and social project. 2008 https://lostisland.org
    Flag of Rino Island 2021.png Coat of Arms of Rino Island 2021.png Repubblica di Rino Island (República de Rino Island) 130[32] South American micronation that claims the island of Podestà, Minnehaha, Emily and Rivadeneyra, off the coast of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean. 2009 https://www.rinoisland.com
    Autonomous Zone Of Urside bandiera.jpg Autonomous Zone Of Urside stemma.jpg Autonomous Zone Of Urside 117[33] Duchy of Bardo micronation enclave. 2020 https://www.instagram.com/urside_micronation/
    Aerican Empire Logo.jpg Impero aericano 104[34] Micronation founded in 1987 and known for strange customs and habits, the smiley flag and the series of national holidays which includes the "Topin Wagglegammon". 1987 http://www.aericanempire.com
    Flag of North Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png Empire of Agber 108[35] First established as the Principality of Kolios, the project was reinvented in early 1998 as the Empire of Agber, with Kolios becoming a nation within the Empire. 1995 https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Empire_of_Agber
    File:Transparent Arms of Austenasia.png Empire of Austenasia 106[36] A self-declared sovereign state based in the UK. 2008 https://austenasia.com
    Commonwealth of Dracul bandiera.svg Commonwealth of Dracul coat of arms.png Commonwealth of Dracul 98[37] A North American micronation located in and surrounded by Houston, Texas. 2017 https://www.draculgov.com
    REPUBLIC OF POETS FLAG.png REPUBLIC OF POETS COAT OF ARMS.png Repubblica dei Poeti 84[38] Municipality of Salento (SA, Italy) in a formula of meta-sovereignty. No act of territorial emancipation appears. 2022 https://www.wikipoesia.it/wiki/Repubblica_dei_Poeti
    Flag of Slabovia.svg Slabovia coat of Arms.jpg Slabovia 45[39] Slabovia exists in the hearts, minds and bodies of its noble and righteous citizens. 1984 http://www.slabovia.com


    Scone flag.jpg Scone Coat of Arms.jpg Kingdom of Scone 40[40] Miniature kingdom ruled by a monarchy and parliament modeled after the British crown and the Westminster parliament. 2014 https://www.kingdomofscone.com
    File angyalistan.jpg Angyalistan coat of arms.jpg Empire d'Angyalistan 36[41] It does not have a Territory. No act of territorial emancipation appears. 1999 http://www.angyalistan.com
    Coat of arms of the Republic of Molossia.svg Repubblica di Molossia 30[42] A 2.5-hectare micronation based in the desert near Reno (Nevada), created by its president Kevin Baugh. Here is set the web miniseries "Kickassia", starring the American reviewer Nostalgia Critic (Doug Walker) and other famous youtubers in America. 1977 http://molossia.org
    First Coat of Kirael.png Autonomous State of Kirael

    Kiraelin Autonominen Valtio

    		30[43] The Republic of Kirael started out as a capitalist nation, then turned socialist on October 19, 2020. Eventually, Kirael updated its economic status back to its original form. 2020 https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Autonomous_State_of_Kirael
    2880px-Flag of the Kingdom of Pibocip.svg.png Pibocip Coat of Arms-PNG.png Kingdom of Pibocip 20[44] The kingdom of Pibocip is a very small micronation located in the northeastern region of the US state of Ohio. 2020 https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pibocip
    Flag of Tavolara.svg Coat of Arms of Tavolara.svg Regno di Tavolara 15[45] Tavolara is an island on the north-east coast of Sardinia, which in 1836 would have been recognized as a kingdom by King Carlo Alberto of Savoy; "in fact" it returned to the territory of the Kingdom of Italy, at the time of the latter's proclamation, on March 17, 1861. 1836 https://it.frwiki.wiki/wiki/Royaume_de_Tavolara
    Flag of Zaqistan.jpg Seal of Zaqistan.png Zaqistan 3 A small tract of land in Box Elder County, a remote part of Utah, on which its owner has built monuments. He also issued passports. 2005 http://www.zaqart.com/zaqistan/zaqistan.shtml
    Principality of Wy flag.png Principality of Wy Seal.jpg Principality of Wy 2[46] Established by Paul Delprat during a dispute with the local council of the Mosman borough in Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney over the construction of a driveway to his property. 2004 https://principalityofwy.com
    Flag of Akhzivland.svg non presente Akhzivland

    מדינת אכזיב

    		1[47] It is a self-proclaimed "independent republic" established by Israeli hippy sailor Eli Avivi on a Mediterranean beach in Akhziv in Israel. The founder has passed away and only his wife remains. 1971 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhzivland


    Source: Own elaboration (Dr. Renato Ongania), July 2022.

    Note

    1. ↑ Degree on Public Relations and Corporate Communication. Student at the Master Degree on Semiotics at the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, academic year 2021/2022.
    2. ↑ Graziani, Graziano. Atlante delle micronazioni (Compagnia Extra) (Italian Edition) (p.7). Quodlibet. Kindle edition, 2020.
    3. ↑ https://www.giuridicamente.com/tra-apparenza-e-finzione-giuridica-la-buona-fede-durante-la-pendenza-del-contratto-condizionale/
    4. ↑ https://it.frwiki.wiki/wiki/Parva_Domus
    5. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conch_Republic
    6. ↑ http://www.wirtland.com
    7. ↑ https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_Užupis
    8. ↑ http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Citizen_(Nova_Roma)
    9. ↑ https://www.antarticland-gov.org
    10. ↑ https://whangamomonahotel.co.nz/about-us/
    11. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Atlantium
    12. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_Republic_of_Eastport
    13. ↑ https://www.westarctica.wiki/index.php?title=Westarctica
    14. ↑ https://www.hay-on-wye.co.uk/information
    15. ↑ https://www.liberecomunita.org/index.php/micronazioni/153-libera-citta-di-christiania
    16. ↑ https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberland
    17. ↑ La Republica - Liberland, lo Stato minuscolo ha deciso: sarà ecosostenibile e carbon free
    18. ↑ Il Corriere della Sera - Vit, il fondatore dello Stato libero di Liberland: 7 km quadrati e no tasse
    19. ↑ Il Giornale - Liberland, uno Stato senza tasse nato tra la Serbia e la Croazia
    20. ↑ Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso TransEuropa - Liberland: la terra di tutti e di nessuno
    21. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Empire_of_Reunion
    22. ↑ https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_di_Frigolandia
    23. ↑ https://www.principaute-aigues-mortes.com/english
    24. ↑ https://www.tourisme-loue-saugeais.com/la-republique-du-saugeais/lhistoire.html
    25. ↑ https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_West_Who
    26. ↑ https://www.newsfirst.lk/2020/12/13/exclusive-sealand-a-micronation-selling-noble-titles/
    27. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Seborga
    28. ↑ https://italiawiki.com/pages/geografia-del-wisconsin/regno-di-talossa-reclami-lingua-cittadinanza-repubblica-di-talossa-esterno.html
    29. ↑ Data got with the chat of Facebook Official Page last 11 July 2022. In 2020 the declared citizens were 80: https://www.unionemonregalese.it/2020/12/23/un-ducato-a-torre-la-micronazione-intenzionale-del-bardo/
    30. ↑ https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ruritania
    31. ↑ https://lostisland.org
    32. ↑ https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_Rino_Island
    33. ↑ Stima sulla base dei follower account Instagram.
    34. ↑ https://aericanempire.com/census2022.html
    35. ↑ https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Empire_of_Agber
    36. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenasia
    37. ↑ https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Dracul
    38. ↑ https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Republic_of_Poets
    39. ↑ http://www.slabovia.com/wiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.Slabovia
    40. ↑ https://www.kingdomofscone.com
    41. ↑ https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Empire_of_Angyalistan
    42. ↑ https://travelnevada.com/weird-nevada/republic-of-molossia/#:~:text=With%20a%20reported%20population%20of,has%20just%20about%20everything%20else.
    43. ↑ https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Autonomous_State_of_Kirael
    44. ↑ https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pibocip
    45. ↑ Intervista al Re.
    46. ↑ https://www.wikisemiotica.it/wiki/Semiotica_delle_MicroNazioni?veaction=edit&section=5#Anomalie_storiche_e_aspiranti_Stati
    47. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-44142794


    Bibliografia

    Ringraziamenti

    Libere Comunità

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